SEA-BANDL — Indonesian Maritime Boundary Database & WebGIS

Undergraduate capstone project (Tugas Akhir) in Geodetic and Geomatics Engineering at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB).

Indonesia's maritime boundary information is distributed across spatial datasets and legal instruments, making it difficult to manage and explore as a unified, traceable digital dataset. SEA-BANDL addresses this by integrating spatial and legal information into a standards-based database and accessible WebGIS.

• Develop an IHO S-121-aligned database for Indonesia's maritime boundary information.
• Provide an interactive WebGIS for visualising and exploring boundary data.
• Structure the dataset to support traceability to legal sources and potential maritime-boundary coordinate deposit workflows.

The project combines an IHO S-121-based information model with PostgreSQL/PostGIS and a custom WebGIS. Spatial features are connected to administrative, legal, and source information rather than being stored as isolated geometries. The WebGIS then exposes this structured information through interactive mapping, spatial analysis, and controlled data access.

The database contains 120,000+ records across its relational schema, including 21,671 spatial coordinate locations, 240 maritime boundary features, and 54 legal source instruments, together with related administrative, party, governance, and rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR) information. The dataset integrates spatial and legal information from national regulations and bilateral/trilateral maritime boundary agreements.

A React and MapLibre GL JS frontend communicates with a Node.js/Express backend deployed on Google Cloud Run. PostgreSQL/PostGIS on Cloud SQL provides spatial storage and query processing, including direct generation of vector tiles for WebGIS rendering, with Firebase Hosting serving the frontend.

• Translating the complex IHO S-121 model into a practical national maritime-boundary database.
• Integrating spatial geometries with legal, administrative, and source information while maintaining traceability.
• Building a public WebGIS that provides accessible visualisation while controlling access to higher-detail spatial data.

A production-deployed maritime boundary database and WebGIS supporting 13 boundary/data layers, interactive attribute inspection, filtering, geoprocessing, multiple basemaps, institutional data requests, and controlled access to restricted boundary information.

• Implementing an international geospatial standard requires translating its conceptual model into practical relationships between spatial, administrative, and legal information.
• A maritime WebGIS is not only a visualisation system; data precision, legal traceability, access control, and interoperability are equally important parts of the product.

• Database and security testing were primarily conducted internally and therefore have not yet been independently validated by an external national geospatial authority.
• The interactive map has higher loading times than other pages due partly to WebGL rendering workload.
• Some institutional/restricted-access functionality still requires further stabilisation.

These limitations are explicitly acknowledged in the TA rather than being inferred.

• External validation of the database and metadata by an Indonesian geospatial data authority.
• Further optimisation of interactive map performance.
• Continued refinement of the institutional access and data-management workflow.